Leemor Joshua-Tor
Professor & HHMI Investigator
W.M. Keck Professor of Structural Biology
Ph.D., The Weizmann Institute of Science, 1991
leemor@cshl.edu | (516) 367-8821
Our cells depend on thousands of proteins and nucleic acids that function as tiny machines: molecules that build, fold, cut, destroy, and transport all of the molecules essential for life. My group is discovering how these molecular machines work, looking at interactions between individual atoms to understand how they activate gene expression, DNA replication, and small RNA biology.
In Leemor Joshua-Tor’s lab, researchers study the molecular basis of nucleic acid regulatory processes using the tools of structural biology and biochemistry. One such regulatory process is RNA interference (RNAi), in which a small double-stranded RNA triggers gene silencing. Joshua-Tor and her team offered critical insight when they solved the crystal structure of the Argonaute protein and identified it as the long-sought Slicer. They then went on to explore the mechanism of the slicing event. The structure of human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2) bound to a microRNA (miRNA) guide allowed Joshua-Tor and her colleagues to understand how mRNA is cleaved during RNAi. This year, members of the Joshua-Tor lab explored the function of a very similar protein, called Argonaute 1, that has no slicing ability, even though it is almost identical in structure to the slicing hAgo2. Using biochemical methods and mutational analysis, they were able to identify key parts of the protein that are required for slicing activity. The lab also studies the generation of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which serve to protect the genome of germ cells. With colleagues in the Hannon lab, Joshua-Tor’s team also determined the structure and function of Zucchini, a key nuclease in the initial generation of piRNAs in fruit flies. In other work, the lab is exploring the mechanisms of heterochromatin formation and gene silencing through the study of a protein complex called RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing (RITS). Joshua-Tor is also well known for her work on the E1 helicase enzyme, which acts to unwind DNA strands during the DNA replication process.
Member of the National Academy of Sciences
Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2018 Mildred Cohn Award in Biological Chemistry, ASBMB
2014 ACE Women’s Network, New York, Women in Science and Education Leadership Award
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2007 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Award (Inaugural award), The Protein Society
1996 Beckman Young Investigator Award
Cryo-EM illuminates intricate designs of noroviruses
June 11, 2019
In food-poisoning outbreaks, like those caused by noroviruses in hospitals, schools, restaurants and on cruise ships, infections occur and spread quickly. Also known as “stomach flu” and “winter vomiting bug,” noroviruses are the most common and extremely contagious breed of stomach bugs, accounting for 58% of all outbreaks in the United States and causing 685...
Norovirus structures could help develop treatments for food poisoning
June 11, 2019
Cold Spring Harbor, NY — Noroviruses are a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks, accounting for 58% of all outbreaks and cause 685 million cases worldwide each year. There is no effective therapeutic against them. Having knowledge of the intricate structure of the outer layer of noroviruses, the capsid, which allows the virus to attach...
Dr. Leemor Joshua-Tor honored with Mildred Cohn Award from ASBMB
February 2, 2018
The idea that understanding the form and function of molecules that make up life is essential to understanding life itself has guided Professor Leemor Joshua-Tor throughout more than 25 years of research. The latest honor in her distinguished career is the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology’s 2018 Mildred Cohn Award in Biological Chemistry,...
Research profile: Leemor Joshua-Tor
November 27, 2017
When she was in the 7th grade, Leemor Joshua-Tor came upon a fragrant box that once held her mother’s perfume. It proved the perfect container for a set of flash cards that she was using to learn properties of the chemical elements. “I think my brain connected doing chemistry to good feelings, good smells,” she...
Structural view suggests RNAi machinery multiplies its efficiency in repressing gene expression
August 3, 2017
Cold Spring Harbor, NY — Continuously throughout our lives, our cells are expressing genes. It’s the first step in making proteins, the stuff of all the structures in the body and molecular players in the countless dramas unfolding every second as cells execute tasks that enable our organs to function. Many specialized and overlapping mechanisms...
Freeze-frames of enzymes in action have implications for a new cancer treatment concept
July 3, 2017
Tutases are a class of enzymes that regulate the microRNA let-7—a gene that is commonly downregulated in cancers. The Joshua-Tor lab used x-ray crystallography to capture images of the enzyme in action, offering insight into how these potential cancer targets function.
CSHL’s Dr. Leemor Joshua-Tor is elected to The National Academy of Sciences
May 2, 2017
Washington, D.C. and Cold Spring Harbor, NY — Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Professor Leemor Joshua-Tor, Ph.D., a structural biologist whose work is known and respected worldwide, has been elected to The National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Dr. Joshua-Tor, who since 2008 has been an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, joins a new class whose...
CSHL’s Dr. Leemor Joshua-Tor Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences
April 14, 2017
Cambridge, MA and Cold Spring Harbor, NY — Professor Leemor Joshua-Tor, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is among 228 newly elected members of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, it was announced today. Dr. Joshua-Tor is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. The new class of Academy members will be inducted at a ceremony...
Protein complex that takes first steps in human DNA replication dance is captured at high atomic resolution
March 16, 2017
The Stillman and Joshua-Tor labs collaborated to obtain the structure of the active human Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), the proteins that control the initiation of DNA replication. Using both cyro-EM and x-ray crystallography, the labs obtained a high-resolution image of the ORC proteins bound to DNA, providing insights into the most fundamental process in cell proliferation.
Alumnus Niraj Tolia works toward a modern malaria vaccine
June 8, 2015
Each year, malaria infects 300 to 500 million people and causes over 1 million deaths worldwide, mostly in children under the age of five, according to the World Health Organization. Though scientists have spent decades pursuing of an effective inoculation against this parasitic infectious disease, no comprehensive malaria vaccine exists today. Watson School of Biological...
Faehnle, C. R. and Walleshauser, J. and Joshua-Tor, L. (2017) Multi-domain utilization by TUT4 and TUT7 in control of let-7 biogenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 24(8) pp. 658-665.
Tocilj, A. and On, K. F. and Yuan, Z. and Sun, J. and Elkayam, E. and Li, H. and Stillman, B. and Joshua-Tor, L. (2017) Structure of the active form of human Origin Recognition Complex and its ATPase motor module. Elife, 6
Kuhn, C. D. and Wilusz, J. E. and Zheng, Y. and Beal, P. A. and Joshua-Tor, L. (2015) On-Enzyme Refolding Permits Small RNA and tRNA Surveillance by the CCA-Adding Enzyme. Cell, 160(4) pp. 644-658.
Faehnle, C. R. and Walleshauser, J. and Joshua-Tor, L. (2014) Mechanism of Dis3l2 substrate recognition in the Lin28-let-7 pathway. Nature, 514(7521) pp. 252-6.
Elkayam, E. and Kuhn, C. D. and Tocilj, A. and Haase, A. D. and Greene, E. M. and Hannon, G. J. and Joshua-Tor, L. (2012) The structure of human argonaute-2 in complex with miR-20a. Cell, 150(1) pp. 100-110.
Additional materials of the author atCSHL Institutional Repository