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[Music]

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while<00:00:06.640> RNA<00:00:07.120> editing<00:00:07.640> is<00:00:07.799> critical<00:00:08.280> for

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while RNA editing is critical for
 
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while RNA editing is critical for
generating<00:00:09.080> the<00:00:09.280> hundreds<00:00:09.800> of<00:00:10.080> thousands<00:00:10.519> of

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generating the hundreds of thousands of
 
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generating the hundreds of thousands of
proteins<00:00:11.160> that<00:00:11.360> Keep<00:00:11.559> Us<00:00:11.759> Alive<00:00:12.559> splicing

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proteins that Keep Us Alive splicing
 
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proteins that Keep Us Alive splicing
errors<00:00:13.639> can<00:00:13.799> lead<00:00:14.000> to<00:00:14.160> devastating<00:00:14.799> health

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errors can lead to devastating health
 
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errors can lead to devastating health
problems<00:00:17.600> one<00:00:17.880> example<00:00:18.359> is<00:00:18.480> an<00:00:18.760> often<00:00:19.119> fatal

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problems one example is an often fatal
 
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problems one example is an often fatal
disease<00:00:20.080> called<00:00:20.359> spinal<00:00:20.800> muscular<00:00:21.400> atrophy

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disease called spinal muscular atrophy
 
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disease called spinal muscular atrophy
or

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or
 
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or
SMA<00:00:23.800> it's<00:00:24.080> the<00:00:24.240> number<00:00:24.480> one<00:00:24.800> genetic<00:00:25.240> cause<00:00:25.840> of

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SMA it's the number one genetic cause of
 
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SMA it's the number one genetic cause of
infant

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infant
 
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infant
death<00:00:28.679> SMA<00:00:29.279> is<00:00:29.480> caused<00:00:29.800> by<00:00:30.080> too<00:00:30.320> little<00:00:30.640> of<00:00:30.759> a

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death SMA is caused by too little of a
 
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death SMA is caused by too little of a
vital<00:00:31.359> protein<00:00:31.880> called<00:00:32.160> survival<00:00:32.680> of<00:00:32.840> motor

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vital protein called survival of motor
 
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vital protein called survival of motor
neuron<00:00:33.640> or<00:00:34.160> SMN<00:00:35.160> in<00:00:35.280> the<00:00:35.440> spinal<00:00:35.800> cords<00:00:36.120> motor

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neuron or SMN in the spinal cords motor
 
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neuron or SMN in the spinal cords motor
neurons<00:00:38.440> too<00:00:38.719> little<00:00:39.000> of<00:00:39.160> this<00:00:39.399> protein

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neurons too little of this protein
 
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neurons too little of this protein
causes<00:00:40.360> the<00:00:40.480> motor<00:00:40.800> neurons<00:00:41.320> to<00:00:41.559> die<00:00:42.200> and<00:00:42.360> the

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causes the motor neurons to die and the
 
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causes the motor neurons to die and the
muscles<00:00:42.920> they<00:00:43.120> control<00:00:43.520> to<00:00:43.719> waste

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away<00:00:48.079> the<00:00:48.360> smn1<00:00:49.360> gene<00:00:49.879> which<00:00:50.079> produces<00:00:50.680> The

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away the smn1 gene which produces The
 
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away the smn1 gene which produces The
SMN<00:00:51.680> protein<00:00:52.680> is<00:00:52.840> missing<00:00:53.320> or<00:00:53.559> damaged<00:00:54.120> Beyond

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SMN protein is missing or damaged Beyond
 
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SMN protein is missing or damaged Beyond
repair<00:00:55.039> in<00:00:55.280> SMA<00:00:56.359> patients<00:00:57.359> humans<00:00:57.879> have<00:00:58.120> a

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repair in SMA patients humans have a
 
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repair in SMA patients humans have a
second<00:00:58.920> SMN<00:00:59.399> producing<00:01:00.000> Gene<00:01:00.399> called

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second SMN producing Gene called
 
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second SMN producing Gene called
smn2<00:01:02.600> but<00:01:02.960> this<00:01:03.120> Gene<00:01:03.399> is<00:01:03.519> a<00:01:03.719> poor<00:01:04.040> backup

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smn2 but this Gene is a poor backup
 
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smn2 but this Gene is a poor backup
because<00:01:05.239> it<00:01:05.400> produces<00:01:06.040> very<00:01:06.280> little

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because it produces very little
 
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because it produces very little
functional<00:01:07.320> SMN<00:01:08.360> protein