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Director's Message
Cancer Research: Controlling the Power of an Oncogene
After the Genome Projects
Image Archives on the American Eugenics Movement
New Staff Notes
CSHLA Annual Meeting: Language Makes Us Better
In Memoriam: Amyas Ames, Robert L. Cummings, & Jack Richards
Awards
Millenium Cultural Series
Planned Giving: Is the I.R.S. Your Primary Beneficiary?
Research Notes:
Bending & Unwinding DNA
2000 Winter Biotechnology Conference
Legislative Breakfast Reception
Historic Highlights:
John D. Jones: The First Patron
Book Review: Down to Earth Genius
CSHL Board of Trustees
Harbor Transcript is published quarterly by the Department of Public Affairs of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. For print copies contact Public Affairs at One Bungtown Road, P.O. Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724-2213, telephone 516-367-8455 or email pubaff@cshl.org.

Editor-in-ChiefJeffrey J. Picarello
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Contributing Writer & Managing EditorWendy Goldstein Helfman




Cancer Research:
Controlling the Power of an Oncogene

n the United States, approximately 70,000 deaths from cancer per year are associated with genetic alterations in the myc oncogene. This gene encodes a protein - the Myc transcription factor - that is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation. Because Myc is a potent growth stimulator, a little goes a long way. Therefore, the level of Myc within cells is normally tightly regulated. This level is determined by how much Myc is synthesized in a given time frame, and by how quickly it is destroyed (like water flowing into and draining out of a sink). CSHL scientist Bill Tansey is studying how the destruction of the Myc protein is regulated and how defects in this process (clogging the sink) lead to abnormally high levels of Myc, and potentially to cancer.

"The cell is constantly saying 'no' to Myc," says Bill, referring to the fact that every step in the biogenesis of Myc is tightly regulated - from the transcription of the myc gene into messenger RNA, to the translation of messenger RNA into protein, to the rapid destruction (degradation) of the Myc protein. "We're interested in how the destruction of transcription factors like Myc is regulated because this is the step that ultimately determines whether cells contain abnormally high, abnormally low, or the correct concentrations of such factors."

To explore the mechanism of Myc degradation, Bill first determined that Myc is normally destroyed by the proteasome, a large complex of enzymes that cuts proteins targeted for destruction into small pieces. This process - called "ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis"- enables the abundance of many different kinds of proteins, including Myc, to be adjusted in response to particular conditions. Bill showed that the Myc protein is normally present at low levels in human tissue culture cells and has a short "half-life." But when he and his colleagues blocked ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, the half-life of Myc was greatly increased, and the protein accumulated to high levels in the tissue culture cells.

next page: Controlling the Power of an Oncogene continued.


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